Health effects of exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)

Quantitative analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs)

Recrystallization of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Performance-based exposure control limits for pharmaceutical active ingredients.

For many years pharmaceutical companies have established employee exposure limits for the active ingredients used in their products. Historically these limits were derived using traditional risk assessment methods. Because the trend in the pharmaceutical industry is to identify and develop more selective drugs of increasing potency, and because of the difficulty in identifying no-effect levels ...

The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry

The implementation of continuous flow processing as a key enabling technology has transformed the way we conduct chemistry and has expanded our synthetic capabilities. As a result many new preparative routes have been designed towards commercially relevant drug compounds achieving more efficient and reproducible manufacture. This review article aims to illustrate the holistic systems approach a...

Polymorph characterization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using low-frequency Raman spectroscopy.

Polymorph detection, identification, and quantitation in crystalline materials are of great importance to the pharmaceutical industry. Vibrational spectroscopic techniques used for this purpose include Fourier transform mid-infrared (FT-MIR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and terahertz (THz) and far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy. Typically...